Современные нозоареалы клещевого энцефалита и клещевого риккетсиоза в Сибири

Natural centers of tick-borne encephalitis and tick-borne rickettsiosis diseases are distinguished not only by stability and in- creasing level of epidemiological manifestation but also by ability to enlargement of areas. It is found that a contribution of some regions of Russia to the sick rate of tick-borne encephalitis and tick-borne rickettsiosis is changing in time. For tick-borne encephalitis the contribution of East Siberia increases and becomes equal to one of Ural area. For tick-borne rickettsiosis the general contribution of four regions (East Siberia, West Siberia, Ural and Far East) amount to 92% of diseases in country. The greater part of tick-borne rickettsiosis diseases (62,1%) is the contribution of East Siberia because of activi- ty of disease centers of Altai area.Природные очаги клещевого энцефалита (КЭ) и клещевого риккетсиоза (КР) отличаются не только стойкостью и воз- растающим уровнем эпидемического проявления, но и способностью к расширению ареалов. Установлено, что долевое значение отдельных регионов России в заболеваемости КЭ и КР с течением времени изме- няется. При КЭ непрерывно возрастает доля Восточной Сибири, приравниваясь к уровню Урала. На четыре региона — За- падную и Восточную Сибирь, Урал и Дальний Восток — приходилось до 92% всех заболеваний КЭ в стране. Основная часть заболеваний КР приходится на Западную Сибирь за счет высокой активности очагов в Алтайском крае

Адаптивный фильтр на основе метода степенных векторов

An adaptive transversal filter capable of suppressing broadband jams and receiving broadband signal simultaneously is considered. Signal processing algorithm using power vector basis is proposed. Regularized estimation weight vectors for a limited number of samples of the input process that can be both larger and smaller than the number of filter taps are obtained (case of short sampling). Simulation results showing high efficiency of signal processing algorithm are given.Рассмотрен адаптивный трансверсальный фильтр, обеспечивающий максимальное выходное отношение мощности полезного сигнала к суммарной мощности собственных шумов и внешних помех, аддитивно поступающих на его вход. Предложен алгоритм адаптивной обработки входного процесса в базисе степенных векторов; получены регуляризованные оценки весовых векторов по ограниченному числу выборок входного процесса, которое может быть как больше, так и меньше числа отводов фильтра (случай короткой выборки). Приведены результаты моделирования адаптивной обработки, показывающие высокую эффективность предложенного алгоритма

Deformations of Existing Buildings, Caused by Construction Activities

Construction of a new building (NB) affects existing adjacent old buildings (OB) during pit excavation, piling, footing and NB erection. Two relevant history cases are described. In the first one, the graphs of OB settlements versus distance from the pit are given for the period of pit excavation and the total settlements for the period of NB erection. The second case gives the family of OB settlement time-related graphs versus distance from the pit, in which these settlements were caused by piling operations

Smart contract concept and signs: comparative legal analysis of the legislation in Russia, Belarus, the EU and the USA

The authors examined the concept and signs of a smart contract through a comparative legal analysis of the legislation of Russia, Belarus, the EU and the USA. The key characteristics of a smart contract as a contract, its types, ways of development and improvement are highlighted and substantiated, the examples of smart contracts from the practice of these countries are given, problematic aspects of legal regulation in this sphere are identifie

THE PRESENT STATE OF THE PROBLEM OF RICKETTSIOSES IN RUSSIA AND NEW APPROACHES TO THE CLASSIFICATION OF DISEASES CAUSED BY SPOTTED FEVER GROUP RICKETTSIAE

The paper presents analysis of the development and the current status of the doctrine about rickettsia and rickettsiosis. Progress in the study of Rickettsia is associated with, improved methods for their detection and isolation - using live biotechnological systems (cultivation in the experimental lines of ticks-sensitive lines of eukaryotic cells) in combination with methods of genotyping and. classical ricketsial methods. The development and. use of new methodological approaches to the study of tick-borne rickettsiae and other alpha-proteobacteria led to an important revision of ideas about genetic diversity, heterogeneity of antigenic and. biological characteristics, ecology and. contribution to the infectious pathology of various representatives of the order Rickettsiales in Russia

Пространственно-временной компенсатор широкополосных помех на основе метода степенны́х векторов

The article is intended for specialists in the field of electronic warfare and adaptive jammer cancellation. The main advantage of the proposed spatial adaptive broadband compensator is the ability to adaptively estimate the number of active interference for minimizing computational complexity in compare with traditional methods for suppressing wideband interference. The paper presents a strong theoretical derivation of the weight matrix of the auto-compensator. The main approach for calculating the weight matrix is the expansion in powers of vectors in the orthonormal basis. A practical approach for introducing the algorithm into software is proposed.Рассмотрен адаптивный автокомпенсатор широкополосных помех (АКШП), обеспечивающий на выходе минимальную среднюю мощность помех. Предложен алгоритм адаптивного подавления широкополосных помех, основанный на разложении весового вектора АКШП в степенном базисе, обладающий невысокой вычислительной сложностью. Получены регуляризованные оценки весов коэффициентов автокомпенсатора по ограниченному числу выборок входного процесса. Приведены результаты моделирования подавления широкополосных помех, характерных для радиолокации, действующих с различных пространственных направлений, с оценкой коэффициента подавления

Modelling capsizing icebergs in the open ocean

At near-grounded glacier termini, calving can lead to the capsize of kilometre-scale (i.e. gigatons) unstable icebergs. The transient contact force applied by the capsizing iceberg on the glacier front generates seismic waves that propagate over teleseismic distances. The inversion of this seismic signal is of great interest to get insight into actual and past capsize dynamics. However, the iceberg size, which is of interest for geophysical and climatic studies, cannot be recovered from the seismic amplitude alone. This is because the capsize is a complex process involving interactions between the iceberg, the glacier and the surrounding water. This paper presents a first step towards the construction of a complete model, and is focused on the capsize in the open ocean without glacier front nor ice-mélange. The capsize dynamics of an iceberg in the open ocean is captured by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, which allows assessing the complexity of the fluid motion around a capsizing iceberg and how far the ocean is affected by iceberg rotation. Expressing the results in terms of appropriate dimensionless variables, we show that laboratory scale and field scale capsizes can be directly compared. The capsize dynamics is found to be highly sensitive to the iceberg aspect ratio and to the water and ice densities. However, dealing at the same time with the fluid dynamics and the contact between the iceberg and the deformable glacier front requires highly complex coupling that often goes beyond actual capabilities of fluid-structure interaction softwares. Therefore, we developed a semi-analytical simplified fluid-structure model (SAFIM) that can be implemented in solid mechanics computations dealing with contact dynamics of deformable solids. This model accounts for hydrodynamic forces through calibrated drag and added-mass effects, and is calibrated against the reference CFD simulations. We show that SAFIM significantly improves the accuracy of the iceberg motion compared with existing simplified models. Various types of drag forces are discussed. The one that provides the best results is an integrated pressure-drag proportional to the square of the normal local velocity at the iceberg’s surface, with the drag coefficient depending linearly on the iceberg’s aspect ratio. A new formulation based on simplified added-masses or computed added-mass proposed in the literature, is also discussed. We study in particular the change of hydrodynamic-induced forces and moments acting on the capsizing iceberg. The error of the simulated horizontal force ranges between 5 and 25 per cent for different aspect ratios. The added-masses affect the initiation period of the capsize, the duration of the whole capsize being better simulated when added-masses are accounted for. The drag force mainly affects the amplitude of the fluid forces and this amplitude is best predicted without added-masses.he authors acknowledge funding from ANR (contract ANR-11- BS01-0016 LANDQUAKES), ERC (contract ERC-CG-2013-PE10-617472 SLIDEQUAKES), DGA-MRIS and IPGP - Univer-sit´e de Paris ED560 (STEP’UP), which has made this work possible. The authors acknowledge Justin Burton for providing us with the data from laboratory experiments. The authors are also very grateful to Franc¸ois Charru, Emmanuel de Langre and Evgeniy A. Podolskiy for fruitful discussions, and the reviewers (Jason M. Amundson and Bradley P. Lipovsky) for helpful comments

Использование апостериорной информации при реализации систем радиолокационного распознавания с применением нейросетевых технологий

Introduction. The current need to obtain relevant, complete and reliable information about airborne objects has led to the continuous improvement of modern radar recognition systems (MRRS) as part of control systems. The development of modern MRRS has created objective prerequisites for the use of progressive and new methods and algorithms for the processing of signals using neural networks. The use of artificial neural networks with learning ability permits expansion to include many signs of recognition by using information obtained in the process of monitoring airspace.Aim. To formulate the problem and develop proposals for the use of posterior information for airspace control in radar recognition systems using neural network technologies.Materials and methods. Based on an analysis of the structure of a unified information network, an approach was formulated to facilitate the development of MRRS based on training technologies. Using the synthesis method, examples of technical solutions were proposed, which will allow the use of modern methods and signal processing algorithms using a posteriori information generated by the control system.Results. The study identified the principles of neural network training in solving the recognition problem in the process of functioning of radio electronic equipment (REE). The technical solutions pro-posed take the functioning of the integrated radar system into account, allowing the information parameters required for training MRRS in a single information field to be obtained. It is shown that the removal of restrictions associated with the functional autonomy of REE, allows the use of posterior information in the implementation of radar recognition systems. This also allows for an increase in the number of recognition signs used in the algorithms and for the database of portraits to be replenished. Conclusion. MRRS can be developed via training by removing the restrictions associated with the autonomous functioning of RES. This allows for the situational assessment to be enhanced and management decisions to be optimised.Введение. Существующая в настоящее время необходимость получения актуальной, полной и достоверной информации о воздушных объектах определяет постоянное совершенствование современных систем радиолокационного распознавания (СРЛР), входящих в состав систем управления. Развитие современных СРЛР создает объективные предпосылки для использования прогрессивных и разработки новых методов и алгоритмов обработки сигналов с помощью нейронных сетей. Применение искусственных нейронных сетей, обладающих свойством обучаемости, позволяет расширить множество признаков распознавания за счет использования полученной в процессе контроля воздушного пространства информации.Цель работы. Формулировка задачи и разработка предложений по использованию апостериорной информации для контроля воздушного пространства в системах радиолокационного распознавания при применении нейросетевых технологий.Материалы и методы. На основе анализа структуры единого информационного пространства сформулирован подход к развитию СРЛР на основе обучающих технологий. С применением метода синтеза предложены примеры технических решений, позволяющие использовать современные методы и алгоритмы обработки сигналов на основе апостериорной информации, формируемой системой управления.Результаты. Сформулированы принципы обучения нейронной сети при решении задачи распознавания в процессе функционирования радиоэлектронных средств (РЭС). Предложены технические решения, учитывающие функционирование интегрированной радиолокационной системы и позволяющие в едином информационном поле получать требуемые для обучения СРЛР информационные параметры. Показано, что снятие ограничений, связанных с автономностью функционирования РЭС, позволяет использовать апостериорную информацию при реализации систем радиолокационного распознавания. Этот факт дает возможность увеличить количество используемых в алгоритмах признаков распознавания и пополнить базы портретов.Заключение. СРЛР может развиваться посредством обучения за счёт снятия ограничений, связанных с автономностью функционирования РЭС. Это позволяет повысить адекватность оценки обстановки и оптимизировать принимаемые управленческие решения

Modeling and simulation in tribology across scales: An overview

This review summarizes recent advances in the area of tribology based on the outcome of a Lorentz Center workshop surveying various physical, chemical and mechanical phenomena across scales. Among the main themes discussed were those of rough surface representations, the breakdown of continuum theories at the nano- and micro-scales, as well as multiscale and multiphysics aspects for analytical and computational models relevant to applications spanning a variety of sectors, from automotive to biotribology and nanotechnology. Significant effort is still required to account for complementary nonlinear effects of plasticity, adhesion, friction, wear, lubrication and surface chemistry in tribological models. For each topic, we propose some research directions